The more we understand the microbiome, the more we can play a role in including their fruition in cities, we do not have to make a choice between cities and healing.

Microbial ecologist Dr. Jake Robinson introduces us to think about air, not as a singular entity around us, but as a dynamic ecology; containing diverse microbial communities of bacteria, viruses, archaea, algae, fungi, protozoa and tiny animals, along with pollen, organic compounds and spores galore.

What is often missing from the conversation is how environmental hazards, due to being an experience of stress and trauma can lead to mental distress.

It's becoming increasingly clear that the relationship between human health and disease is a complex and dynamic interplay between the physical and social environment and the body.

This report will take an ecological approach, focusing on the bidirectional pathway between trauma and obesity to highlight the disparity between scientific evidence and communication around obesity, as well as the psychosocial factors that contribute to, and maintain, this disparity.

There is a need to understand the history behind framing health as individual choices or behaviours to better appreciate why an ecological health approach looks like and its significance in eradicating health inequities.

This open-letter is a list of our thoughts and concerns based from attending a public meeting held between Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council, Public Health England, Staffordshire County Council, the Environment Agency, and the community where Walleys Quarry Landfill site is located.

A stressor is defined as a novel threatening environmental agent that alters the baseline human biological system in either of two ways: bringing the system to an unstable biological state, or slowing down the system’s internal response so that it cannot reach equilibrium.

In any given area, there will be people who are suffering greatly from the consequences of air pollution whilst others may not see any consequences. This phenomenon is worth understanding, rather than dismissing it as not statistically significant.